The electronic journal Scientia Naturalis, from the Center for Biological and Natural Sciences - CCBN/UFAC, is intended for the publication of scientific papers originating from research in the areas of Chemistry, Physics, Biological Sciences, Agrarian Sciences, and Science Teaching. These include scientific articles, experience reports, technical notes, and general issues. The journal is presented to the academic-scientific community in semiannual editions and in occasional supplementary editions. It publishes complete manuscripts on relevant and current topics, in addition to annals of national and international scientific events within the scope of the journal. | Year of creation: 2019 | Periodicity: Semestral | ISSN: 2596-1640 | Register Author Guidelines
Application of bioactive compounds of plant species against phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium sp
The genus Fusarium represents one of the genres of phytopathogenic fungi of most concern to agricultural crops worldwide, due to its high spread and resistance to the synthetic agricultural fungicides currently used. In order to evaluate in the literature which bioactive compounds can act as fungicidal agents against Fusarium species, the present study chose to perform an integrative literature review, through the search for studies in the Scopus, Scielo, Embase and Web of Science databases. The results show that alkaloids, triterpenes and aromatic compounds, such as epicatechin, linalool, limonene and camphor, can act by inhibiting mycelial sporulation, growth and causing damage to conidia production, cell wall and energy production cycles in fungi. The alkaloid cantin-6-one inhibits the growth of F. oxysporum by paralyzing protein synthesis. The use of botanical fungicides formulated with bioactive compounds assists in the management and control of Fusarium and protects human and environmental health.
Dynamics of growth and production of individual trees in managed tropical forests: a review
In 1969, the growth and production modeling technique was applied for the first time by Moser and Hall to heterogeneous and multianeus forests. Growth and production models, especially at the tree level, are one of the tools that can guide long-term forest planning, technically subsidizing the selection of species for exploitation or protection and prescription of silvicultural treatments that are more appropriate for the sustainability of tropical forest ecosystems. However, currently few works use them as technical and economic subsidy in silvicultural decisions regarding management because they are unaware of the operational viability of this technique. Therefore, this work aims to present a bibliographic review on modeling the growth and production of individual trees applied to tropical forests, highlighting the main advances related to the use of this approach from its initial applications to the present day.
Morphoagronomic characteristics of the main commercially exploited pineapple cultivars in Brazil
Although there is a wide genetic diversity of pineapple, with various wild and improved materials, only a few cultivars are commercially exploited. Estimates indicate that 70% of the world's production comes from the Smooth Cayenne cultivar. In addition to this, MD-2, Pérola, Perolera, Queen, Singapore Canning, and Española Roja are listed as the most relevant ones. The decision about which cultivar to plant is one of the most important steps in the pineapple production system. Suitable cultivars must be adapted to local conditions, productive, early-bearing, with fruits of the size, shape, and quality desired by the consumer market. The objective of this work was to conduct a survey on the main commercially exploited pineapple cultivars in Brazil. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out, based on the National Cultivar Registry of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply, as well as consultation of research organization databases, books, and scientific articles, both national and international. It was identified that in Brazil the Smooth Cayene and Pérola cultivars prevail although several local cultivars such as BRS Vitória, BRS Ajubá, BRS RBO, BRS Quinari, BRS Imperial, Turiaçu, and IAC Fantástico have high productive potential, excellent physicochemical and sensory qualities, and are grown in various regions of the country.
Rare genetic diseases in Brazil: diagnosis and follow-up of Fabry - a literature review
Fabry disease is part of the group of diseases related to inborn errors of metabolism, caused by a genetic mutation linked to the X chromosome that affects the production of the alpha-galactosidase enzyme at different levels. Mutations can be degenerative and chronically debilitating, affecting the physical, mental, sensory and behavioral capabilities of the individual. The early diagnosis of these diseases allows care to be directed to the specificity of each individual based on the manifestations. This bibliographic review aimed to report on Fabry Disease and its updates in Brazilian territory, in order to demonstrate the relevance of knowledge of the pathology for the population. A total of 44 works published between 2013 and 2023 in databases such as BVS, Scielo, PubMed and Google Scholar were analyzed. The classic mutations of Fabry disease are seen mostly in men, as they are heterozygous. Confirmation can take place through biochemical and/or genetic tests, allowing due attention to be given to the signs and symptoms manifested and the design of the therapeutic approach for clinical control and better quality of life, since there is still no cure for the pathology.
Alessandra Ferreira de Carvalho Maio Rodrigues
Alessandra Jorge Di Carlantonio Teixeira
Teaching sciences by research in the promotion of cognitive skills: a bibliographic review
Inquiry-Based Science Teaching (EnCI) is a teaching approach that encourages students to act as protagonists in their learning, using scientific knowledge to solve problems and make decisions. This work, developed in a qualitative approach, aims to analyze the potential of the EnCI in promoting the development of cognitive skills in students, based on a bibliographical review carried out with articles collected in five journals, from 2011 to 2020. To carry out the collection, we used the terms “teaching and investigation* and seq*” and “skills and cognitive”, resulting in 74 articles. After reading the texts, we selected only empirical works that present investigative sequences, obtaining 32 articles. The works were analyzed based on Bardin's content analysis, considering the following categories: specific areas of knowledge, target audience, stages of the investigative sequences, cognitive skills, role of the teacher, and evaluation. The analysis showed that EnCI promotes the development of various cognitive skills; however, characteristics inherent to this approach, such as assessment and teacher attitudes, can be improved to further enhance the development of these skills.
Evaluation of the glycemic index and temporal dominance sensations of fiber-enriched sweetener
The objective this work was to develop a natural sweetener with fiber and evaluate its physical and sensory characteristics and its effect on glycemia in vivo. Sweeteners containing stevia, erythritol and acacia gum were used for the formulation and physical analyzes of solubility, hygroscopicity, density, compressibility and flow were performed. Sensory analysis used the Temporal Dominance of Sensation (TDS) method, and the evaluation of the glycemic index (GI). All the data obtained were evaluated in a descriptive way and, for the TDS, the data analysis by the SensoMaker® program was used. The physical analyzes showed that the mixture has suitable physical characteristics, not interfering in a gross way with the particularities of each component it contains. TDS showed that the residual bitter taste that stevia presents was not perceptible within the mixture, valuing its use in this product. The evaluation of the GI showed that the fiber-enriched sweetener was able to considerably reduce the glycemic response, especially after 90 minutes of ingestion. In general, the fiber-enriched sweetener met the technological and sensory requirements, without the perception of bitter taste naturally found in stevia, and also added the power to reduce blood glucose, which could have a positive impact on consumer health.
Parasitic endofauna of five species of the Cichlidae family in a region of western Amazonia
One of the biological factors that can influence the fish population is its parasitic fauna, as different taxa of parasites use resources provided by their hosts causing infections. The present study aimed to analyze the endoparasitic fauna of five fish species of the Cichlidae family in the Western Amazon region. The study was carried out in a region of the upper Juruá in the Western Amazon around the municipalities of Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre and Guajará-AM, Brazil. To carry out the collection of fish of the Cichlidae family, passive collections of fish were carried out using 12 gill nets with 80 meters in length and 3.0 m in height, distributed in meshes of 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 .5 cm .5.5 cm between opposite nodes, in areas of rivers, lakes and streams. A total of 726 specimens of fish belonging to five species were analyzed, in which the species with the highest number of individuals was Chaetobranchus flavescens followed by Biotodoma cupido. Thus, knowledge of fish parasitic fauna can be of great importance, as parasites play a key role in ecosystems, regulating the abundance and density of natural populations, thus stabilizing the food chain and structure of the host community.
Forest fire risk zoning in the municipality of Itinga, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil
The present study aimed to develop the zoning of the risk of forest fires for the municipality of Itinga-MG. For this, a risk map was prepared with the aid of the QGIS software, by superimposing maps of the variables: appearance, slope, distance from municipal headquarters, proximity to roads and land use and occupation. In each map, polygons susceptible to the occurrence of fires were defined, where each category received a score value. For the variables related to relief, data from the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) were used, and for the classification of land use and land cover, images from the Landsat 8 satellite were used. The results indicated that approximately 54% of the areas of the municipality were classified as at risk. “Medium” risk of fires, followed by the “Low” risk class with 26%, “High” risk with 19%, “Very High” risk with 1.00% and, finally, the “Very Low” risk class” with 0.15%. The areas most susceptible to forest fires are located in the central region of the municipality. The results presented here can help managers in the decision-making process and in the planning of studies aimed at minimizing the damage caused by forest fires, not only in the city of Itinga, but throughout the Jequitinhonha Valley.
Antioxidant activity of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) by the DPPH method and use in moisturizing fluid
The essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has sparked scientific interest due to its rich chemical composition and pharmacological properties. However, factors such as the intrinsic characteristics of the plant and the extraction method used are often described as interfering with the yield and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antibacterial capacity of the oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to extract the essential oil from rosemary leaves by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus for yield determination and evaluation of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, as well as its use in a hydrating fluid. The extractions were performed for a duration of two hours in duplicate, with results expressed as a percentage. The determination of antioxidant activity was also performed in duplicate using the DPPH method, expressed as µgtrolox per gram of sample. The results showed an average yield of 0.92% and an antioxidant activity of 68.73 µgtrolox g-1 ± 0.61 with a 63.5% reduction of DPPH in the rosemary essential oil. For the hydrating fluid containing 0.5% of rosemary essential oil, the antioxidant activity was 37.3 µgtrolox g-1 ± 8.21, with a 36% reduction of DPPH.
Donations of vegetables and fruit by the Mesa Brasil SESC Program in Amazonas
Food banks have contributing to the reduction of hunger in the most vulnerable segments of the population. In this study, the objective was to analyze the flow of collections of vegetables and fruits in the food bank of the Mesa Brasil SESC Program in the state of Amazonas, from 2016 to 2020. Data were collected from the statistical records of the Mesa Brasil SESC System. In general, the quantity of vegetables collected was always greater than that of fruits, resulting in total amounts of 4,226 and 2,598 tons, respectively. Collections of vegetables and fruits came from 35 donors, on average. The National Supply Company was the main donor, contributing with 83.1% of the total collection, on average. Donations benefited 205 social entities and 39,533 people, on average. In the year 2020, it was estimated that the net quantity of 44.8 kg of vegetables and fruits, received per beneficiary, could meet the needs of a person for 112 days, considering the daily intake of 400 g of vegetables and fruits per person. In view of this, conclude that the Mesa Brasil SESC Program, in Amazonas, acts in the food supplementation of people assisted by social entities, through the supply of vegetables and fruits.
Cultivation of chili pepper in pots in a protected environment with different nitrogen sources
Nitrogen fertilization is important for plant development. Chili pepper is an important condiment vegetable, however there are few studies about the nutritional management of plants of this species grown in pots. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on chili pepper plants grown in pots in a protected environment. The treatments were: Control (without fertilization), controlled release fertilizer (14-14-14); Ammonium Sulfate and Urea. The analyzed variables were plant height, leaf area, average fruit weight, total fruit weight per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit length. The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and comparison of means (p<0.05). There are differences between the evaluated N sources. The controlled release fertilizer provided greater growth in the vegetative phase, however, this was not enough to guarantee greater fruit Productions. The tested fertilizers did not influence the length of fruits, however, there was a greater number of fruits per plant with the use of ammonium sulfate and urea. The average fruit weight was not increased with any of the fertilizers tested, however, the total weight was higher in all N sources tested compared to the control.
Behavior of the world sawn wood market of non-coniferous tropical species between 1990 and 2018
For the knowledge of the dynamics of the world timber market, it is necessary to monitor and understand its trends. Given the above, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of Brazil in the world market for sawn wood non-coniferous tropical and to analyze the trends of production, export, and import of the most expressive countries in this market. The data studied were made available by the International Tropical Timber Organization. The growth geometric rate in m³ and dollars was calculated for the analysis of the behavior of the production, export, and import of sawn wood. In all the countries studied, there was a tendency to reduce the production of sawn wood. Brazil, Malaysia, and Indonesia showed a fall in sawn timber exports. Sawn wood has appreciated on the world market, due to the increase in the value of wood about the volume exported. China is the country that most imports sawn wood with a constant growth trend, in addition to having the highest value of wood among the other countries studied. The preservation of the environment, the economic slowdown, and the replacement of wood by equivalent products are the main factors responsible for the drop in world production.
Storage yard allocation with different skid trails distances in Amazon Forest concession area
The allocation of storage yards is an important part of the infrastructure as it relates to the opening of forest roads and skid trails. This research aimed to propose an optimization model for the allocation of storage yards with volume restrictions and classes of skid trail distances. The study area is located in the Paru State Forest, Monte Alegre-PA, Forest Management Unit IX, Annual Production Unit 03, Work Unit 7 and 8, 168.67 ha area, 459 trees and 3,994.4 m³ estimated wood volume. The mathematical model aims to reduce the connection distance between trees and storage yards by restrictions maximum volume of wood and two skid trails distances. Were processed 27 scenarios in CPLEX Studio 20.1.0. Four best scenarios were compared to the planning executed out by the company, and the best scenario was chosen using the AHP method. The optimized scenarios reduced 18% in the total exploitation infrastructure cost average and there was greater homogeneity in the storage yards volume distribution. Scenario 2 performed better. Lastly, the application of the optimization model in natural forests is feasible and allows optimizing processing time and infrastructure planning.
Estimation of fire behavior in Eucalyptus grandis burns under different slopes
This study had as objective to evaluate the fire behavior of combustible material of a population of Eucalyptus grandis, in different slopes, in laboratory experiment. During the conduction of the burning experiment, the variables monitored were: flame height (AC), propagation time (TP) propagation velocity (VP) and fire intensity (I). The fire behavior was evaluated on a combustion platform with dimensions 1.85 x 0.86 m. The treatments used were slopes 0, 10, 15, 20 e 30º, with four repetitions per treatments. According to the results obtained was verified that the flame height is not influenced statistically by slope. The propagation velocity and the fire intensity of the fire have a direct relation with the slope, occurring a significant increase of these variables with the increase of the slope. In the 30º slope, the highest propagation velocity (0.013888m s-1) and higher fire intensity of the fire (127.8564 kcal m-1 s-1) were obtained, which correspond simultaneously to the order of 3.8 times greater than the slope 0º. For propagation time there was an inverse correlation in function of slope. The results confirm the influence of slope on fire behavior.
Assessment of land use and coverage changes in indigenous territory in the Brazilian Amazon
The accelerated degradation of forest resources is an anthropic activity on a world scale. Degradation alters the natural landscape and impacts the way of life of traditional communities by reducing their area of occupation due to illegal invasions and by reducing the availability of essential natural resources for survival and income generation for families. The objective of the research was to analyze land use and land cover changes in the Indigenous Land (TI) Trincheira Bacajá, Pará. Using the Interactive Supervised Classification of Landsat 5 TM (1996) and Landsat 8 OLI (2020) satellite images, the land cover classes forest, hydrography and anthropized area for macrozoning (Total Area, Buffer Area and Area of TI) and microzoning of the study area into 16 regions. The classification accuracy analysis was obtained using the error matrix and validated by the Kappa concordance index. The TI Area had the smallest forest area converted into anthropic areas and the Buffer Area had the highest deforestation rate. The South-Southeast (SSE), North-Northeast (NNE) and Southeast (SE) micro-regions were the most anthropized, coinciding with the priority areas for deforestation control defined in the MAPBIOMAS platform.
Centesimal composition of Major-Gomes [Talinum paniculatum (jacq.) gaertn.] cultivated under organic fertilization
The objective of this work was to determine the proximate composition of Major-Gomes [Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn], cultivated under doses of poultry manure. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Unit of the PANC Group at the Federal University of Acre - UFAC, and the laboratory analyzes were carried out at the Food Technology Unit - UTAL. The design used was completely randomized, with six doses of poultry manure (0 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1, 30 t ha-1, 45 t ha-1 and 60 t ha-1) with 5 repetitions. The variables evaluated were protein, carbohydrates, ether extract, moisture and fixed mineral residue (ash). At doses 0 and 60 t ha-1 there was no growth and development of Major-Gomes plants. In the other treatments, there was no significant difference in any of the variables analyzed. The doses of organic fertilizer used did not provide an increase in the proximate composition of Major-Gomes. The dose of 60 t ha-1 of poultry manure caused a phytotoxic effect on Major-Gomes plants, not being recommended for this species in the condition in which the experiment was conducted. This plant has a high mineral content, making it an excellent source of nutrients through its fresh consumption.
Morphological and bromatological analysis of major-gomes (Talinum fruticosum) (L.) Juss. under shading with colored screens
The major-gomes (Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss.) is a Neglected Plants with great economic and agronomic potential, due to its rusticity and nutrient richness, being a good food alternative, however, studies are scarce regarding its management. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics and morphological and chemical responses of major-gomes under shading with colored screens. The design used was completely randomized (DIC), with five treatments and five replications: full sun control (T1), and 50% shading screens in blue (T2), red (T3), aluminet (T4) and black (T5). At 32 days after transplanting the seedlings, the following variables were evaluated: plant height (PH), number of leaves (NF), stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA), number of lateral branches (NLB), fresh mass of shoot (FMS), shoot dry mass (SDM) and root dry mass (RDM), protein (PT), ash (AH) and lipid (LP) contents, all data were processed and compared by the test Tukey's (p<0.05). There was a significant effect for all variables, except for plant height (PH) and number of lateral branches (NLB). The species stood out positively under the shade of the red net, both morphologically and chemically, which is the ideal environment for cultivation.
Production and post-harvest quality of D'Angola plantain cultivated in intercropping under different planting arrangements and densities
The spatial arrangement and planting density of banana plants directly affect land use and can influence plant growth, fruit production, and quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate production variables and fruit quality of banana tree, D’Angola cultivar, grown under different populations and spatial distributions of plants over three production cycles. The experiment was conducted in Thé municipality of Bujari, Acre, and involved ten spatial arrangements, ranging from 1,250 to 2,000 plants ha-1. Parameters evaluated included bunch weight, number of hands per bunch, hand weight, number of fruits per hand, weight of the second hand, fruit length and diameter, rachis weight, yield, and quality parameters such as total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, and Ratio. The different planting arrangements and densities did not affect productive parameters and post-harvest fruit quality. Production cycles had an influence, with the best indicators observed in the second year of cultivation, where the largest bunches were harvested, weighing 11.45 kg; fruits had the greatest length and diameter, measuring 19.26 cm and 45.55 mm respectively, along with the highest yield of 48.47 kg per plant per cycle.
Um Diversidade de batatas-doces crioulas cultivadas no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre
The sweet potato is a crop of economic and social relevance, with wide adaptation and high genetic variability. In Brazil, small farmers play an important role in the conservation of adapted genotypes and their morphological characterization is essential in order to avoid genetic erosion. The objective of this work was to characterize, using morphological descriptors, three accessions of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas from Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. The study was carried out from March to September 2022, in the experimental area of ​​the Instituto Federal do Acre, in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. For that, three sweet potato accessions were evaluated in shoot and root in twenty-two morphological descriptors. The experiment was installed in randomized blocks, with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed morphological variations between the materials for the type of plant, ground cover, pigmentation of the stems and characteristics of the leaves. The reserve root revealed high genetic variability among the three accessions. It is concluded that the materials have different morphological characteristics, showing their genetic variation. The parameters related to the reserve root showed greater phenotypic variability and this demonstrates its potential in breeding programs in the region.
Microbiological quality of edible açaí ice cream marketed in Rio Branco – AC
The edible ice cream of açaí is widely consumed mainly in the northern region, but because it involves many handling processes this product has great exposure to microbiological contamination, the risks increase when you do not have the realization of the good practices established in the legislation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of edible açaí ice cream marketed in Rio Branco - AC. With 20 samples collected from different commercial establishments, identified as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T, presumptive and confirmatory tests for the presence of Enterobacteria and Escherichia coli were performed using the technique of multiple tubes of serial dilution (10-¹, 10-² and 10-³) and according to IN No. 60 of December 23, 2019, the samples were classified as acceptable, intermediate and unacceptable. Mosto f the samples analyzed contained the presence of Escherichia coli, with variations of <0.3.10¹ to 1.1.10³ NMP/g, and of Enterobacteria with variations of 0.3.10¹ to 1.1.10³ NMP/g. Most of the samples analyzed were classified as unacceptable according to ANVISA legislation, evidencing the risk to the health of local consumers by contaminating this product with pathogenic microorganisms.
Amazon natural indicators of acid-base: methods and possibilities
This work aims to evaluate Amazon fruits potential to natural indicators of acid-base to chemistry teaching and optimize pigment extraction with proven efficiency. Methodology was experimental research with qualitative and quantitative approach. Extraction of the tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba mart.), açaí (Euterpe precatoria), bacuri (Garcinia madruno), piquiá (Caryocar villosum) and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) pigments was realize by different extraction techniques. Reversibilidade assay of the chemical balance. Açaí, bacaba and tucumã extracts presented variations of colorations when added in solutions acid, basic and neutral, and showed considerable reversibility. The samples of the açaí and tucumã in cold maceration, and bacaba fruit and hot maceration show more appropriate method for the pigment’s extraction. These results suggest that açaí, bacaba and tucumã fruits can be used to acid-base natural indicator model, be through the extract or paper indicator, with viable alternative to conventional teaching chemistry methods.
Growth of mangabeira seedlings in different volumes and substrate compositions
With an increasing demand for native seedlings, it is essential to carry out studies aimed at defining the substrates and the volumes necessary for the production of seedlings on a large scale. This study aimed to evaluate the production of mangabeira seedlings (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) submitted to different compositions and volumes of substrates. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (5 substrates x 3 volumes) with three replications. The following substrates were used: commercial substrate, soil, commercial substrate + soil (1:1 v/v), commercial substrate + soil (1:2 v/v), and commercial substrate + soil (2:1 v/v) and volumes 280, 175 and 100 cm³. The height and diameter of the stem did not differ between the substrates, while the root length was greater in the soil and in the commercial substrate + soil mixture (2:1 v/v). Mangabeira seedlings show greater growth when produced in a commercial substrate + soil mixture (2:1 v/v). The largest volume of tested substrates (280 cm³) provides better growth of mangabeira seedlings.
Does paclobutrazol affect Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. O. Grose) seedlings rusticity?
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying paclobutrazol to the rustification process of Handroanthus serratifolius seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the seedling nursery of the Zoobotanical Park at the Federal University of Acre. A randomized block design was adopted, consisting of four blocks, treatments and replications, with a plot consisting of five seedlings. The seedlings submitted to the application of paclobutrazol via leaf spraying were measured regarding the parameters: height, stem diameter and shoot and root biomass. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS IBM Statistics software, with the data submitted to analysis of variance (F test, p<0.05) and, when significant, the means were compared using the mean test (Tukey test, p<0, 05). There was a significant influence of paclobutrazol application on shoot dry mass, contributing to the ratios of total dry mass and shoot/root dry mass. The result in question indicates that the use of paclobutrazol can contribute to the survival of Handroanthus serratifolius seedlings in field conditions. Furthermore, prolonged experiments using growth regulators in native forest species are necessary.
Illustrated identification key for Characidae (Characiformes) fishes from a protected area and vicinity, upper Rio Paraná, Brazil
Characidae is the most diverse family of Neotropical ichthyofauna and has a conservative external morphology, making the identification process difficult without comparative material. Producing identification materials aimed at non-specialists is necessary to accelerate research on the ichthyofauna, contribute to its preservation, and assist in training human resources. This work aimed to elaborate an illustrated dichotomous identification key for the fish of this family around the protected area Biological Refuge of Santa Helena and adjacent rivers, upper Rio Paraná basin, Brazil-Paraguay border. This region was inventoried quarterly from November 2017 to November 2019, and additional collections occurred from 2019 to 2022. For the elaboration of the identification key, the fish were divided into increasingly less inclusive groups based on the presence, absence, or state of morphological characteristics. These characteristics were photographed under a stereoscopic microscope, and auxiliary figures for the identification key were provided. This work includes 26 species, including three notable additions to the region's existing identification guides: Deuterodon luetkenii, Serrapinnus kriegi, and Psalidodon sp. The latter represents a possible new species. It also discusses taxonomic issues and compares similar species.
Physical attributes of the soil after ten years of timber harvesting in a forest concession in the South-Western Amazon indicate compaction
The article evaluates the physical atributes of the soil in different periods after the end of exploratory activities in sustainable forest management. The study was carried out in Forest Management Units III and IV in the Jamari National Forest/RO. Two Annual Production Units (UPA) were studied at different periods of exploitation (2011 and 2022). In each UPA, a secondary road was chosen at random and soil was collected along this road in 10 stockyards, as well as 20 meters from the stockyard, on the secondary road and points of forest without influence in UMF III. The samples were sent to the Soil Laboratory at the Federal University of Rondônia for evaluation of the physical attributes. The soil texture varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam, indicating soils susceptible to compaction. The average bulk density ranged from 1.27 kg.dm-³ for the forest without influence to 1.67 kg.dm-³ for the patios, the particle density ranged from 2.60 to 2.99 kg.dm-³, and the total porosity was close for all the situations evaluated. Finally, the soil's physical properties were altered by forestry activities and were noticeable even after ten years of logging.
Benefits of Adding Probiotic Based on Lactobacillus fermentum to tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
This study aimed to evaluate the histomorphometric characteristics of the intestinal mucosa of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) after adding the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum to their diet, from sources both internal and external to the host. A randomized block design was used, with two treatments and a control in four replicates, as follows: T1, fish fed with feed supplemented with autochthonous L. fermentum (LMUFT10) (10 mL kg-1 of feed; 5 x 109 CFU mL-1); T2, fish fed with diet supplemented with commercial L. fermentum (10 mL kg-1 of feed; 5 x 109 CFU mL-1); and T3, control: fish that only received feed. Supplementation with probiotic (autochthonous L. fermentum) had no effect on the height and length of the tambaqui intestinal villi. However, there were increases in the numbers of goblet cells in both treated groups (T1 and T2). Thus, it can be concluded that L. fermentum, regardless of its source, contributes to defense of the intestinal mucosa of tambaqui through increased production of goblet cells.
Fish farming estimates in the state of Rondônia
This study aimed to collect data on spatial organization and estimates of the number of fish farms and volume of fish production and expectations for the post-Covid-19 crisis scenario. This study was prepared based on data provided by the Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura (MPA) through the Superintendência Federal de Pesca e Aquicultura de Rondônia, by the Agência de Defesa Sanitária Agrosilvopastoril do Estado de Rondônia (IDARON) and by the Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Ambiental do Estado de Rondônia (SEDAM). The agglomeration of fish farms in Rondônia has two dependencies, the BR 364 highway and the availability of water, and in relation to this the largest agglomeration is located in the Centro-Leste Microregion (of Ji-paraná), however, these are largely majority family-based, while the largest water depth areas are located in the Vale do Jamari Microregion (of Ariquemes). According to SEDAM, 4,308 is the number of fish farms in Rondônia state, while 6,764 fish farms is the estimate made in the current study. Regarding the number of family fish farms, 6,155 fish farms is the estimate by Gotardi (2023) and 5,594 is the estimate by Soares (2021). Regarding estimates of the volume of fish production, for the year 2019 Peixe BR estimated 68,800 thousand tons, IBGE estimated 31,199 thousand tons, SEDAM estimated 20,855 tons and in the curret study estimated 53,438 tons. And, for the year 2022, Peixe BR estimated a fish production of 57,200 tons and in the current study estimated 35,731 tons.
Aliens in Rio Branco, Acre: ornamental plants in the landscaping of the Universidade Federal do Acre
When planning a landscaping project, several factors become crucial to consider. The selection of plants, unquestionably, constitutes one of the most critical and fundamental stages in this process. With the aim of preventing environmental issues, it is of paramount importance to avoid the use of exotic plant species. In the urban contexts of cities in the Brazilian Amazon region, there is an observable predominance of exotic species at the expense of native ones. In this context, this research aims to conduct a survey and identification of ornamental plant species at the Universiade Federal do Acre. The research location encompasses the planned green areas on the university campus in Rio Branco. The species survey involved the photographic recording of plants, along with their identification and classification. A total of 124 species were identified, spanning 47 botanical families. Remarkably, only 38 species belong to the native flora of the Amazon, representing 31% of the total, while 86 species are classified as exotic, accounting for 60%. The analysis of landscaping at UFAC reveals a concerning reality, characterized by the significant predominance of exotic species, some of which are invasive and poisonous, present in its gardens. There is an urgent need to reassess the practices of selecting plant species in landscaping projects.
Occurrence of Acalymma bivittulum (Kirsch, 1883) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in watermelon crops in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
Watermelon is cultivated throughout Brazil. It is relevant to agribusiness and Brazil is the 4th largest producer in the world, with the state of Acre having an average production of 17,705 tons. However, severe pest attacks have caused significant losses, notably Acalymma bivittulum (Kirsch). This insect pest causes defoliation and can transmit bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and the cucumber mosaic virus (Cucumber mosaic virus – CMV). Given the above, this work aims to report the occurrence of A. bivittulum and record the injuries caused to watermelon plants. A. bivittulum was found in watermelon plants in Rio Branco, Acre, being the first report in the State of Acre. Insects have been found in large numbers, producing significant defoliation on plants. Therefore, it is necessary for management measures to be adopted, such as collections and monitoring, aiming to avoid population outbreaks of this species in the state of Acre. Keywords: Plague, Kitty, Damage.
Integrating cashew culture into Chemistry teaching: an approach based on the Social Representations Theory
This investigation focuses on the appropriation of sociocultural elements related to cashew cultivation as a facilitating tool for teaching Chemistry. Using the Social Representations Theory (SRT), a didactic sequence (DS) was developed with the aim of connecting common sense knowledge to scientific knowledge, through a theoretical-practical approach to cashew by-products. The DS involved theoretical, sensorial and experimental aspects, being applied to 24 students in the sixth semester of the Chemistry Degree course at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia (UNILAB), located in the Maciço de Baturité region/CE. The results obtained demonstrated that the students took ownership of the theme by sharing their previous conceptions through the TRS, relating them to the technical aspects evaluated. Therefore, DS demonstrated to be effective in the Chemistry teaching and learning process, transforming the classroom into a democratic, motivating, representative place and provider of debates and reflections.
Main medicinal plants used by pregnant women in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre, Western Amazon
This article presents research on the use of medicinal plants by pregnant women in the Brazilian Amazon. The study aimed to survey the medicinal plants used by pregnant women in a Basic Health Unit in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul/AC. The instruments used in the methodology were semi-structured interviews applied to forty-five women in different gestational periods. After analyzing the data obtained, it was noticed that women from urban areas are the ones who use medicinal plants the most (28.8%). During the interview, 20 species of medicinal plants were found, whose motivation was to treat infectious diseases such as inflammation and urinary infection, as well as the conscious use of boldo and rue in search of a spontaneous abortion. And that the passage of information orally still prevails through family members and acquaintances about medicinal treatment. It was concluded by the importance of valuing and conserving this traditional knowledge in harmony with biodiversity. The final considerations highlight the importance of continuing research on the subject to improve current knowledge and promote future advances.
Pesticide in food cultivation: a didactical proposal for teaching and learning of organic chemistry in basic education
The present work presents a proposal for a Didactic Sequence (DS) aimed at teaching and learning the content of Organic Functions, in 2nd and/or 3rd year of High School classes. The proposed DS is based on a methodological approach contextualized with the environmental theme and involves holding 6 meetings lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes each. DS proposes the adoption of the flipped classroom methodology, aiming at attractive teaching, through the use of various resources, including Virtual Learning Objects such as videos, games and simulations, in addition to the use of different Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT), in order to enable interaction, as well as motivate students' interest in the study of Organic Chemistry. The development of the proposal resulted in the elaboration and publication of a educational booklet that can be used as support material by teachers and students of Basic Education in the application of the proposed DS as a way of providing a more contextualized, motivating and attractive approach to the content of Organic Functions, in addition to contributing to the development of students' critical and argumentative sense, as it involves the theme of pesticides, a subject of environmental, scientific, social and economic relevance.
An experience report on the thematic workshop preparation and application in the modality of emergency remote teaching by chemistry PIBID students at the UFS/campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho
Thematic workshops allow teaching chemistry in a contextualized way. These activities can contribute to meaningful learning. Such proposals are also suitable for remote teaching, making classes more interactive and attractive. In this work we present the elaboration, validation and application of the thematic workshop entitled "The smoke of diesel engines in the Brazilian capital of the truck". The activity was carried out remotely by undergraduates in chemistry of the institutional program for scholarships for initiation in teaching in Brazil (PIBID). A qualitative approach was employed to analyze data obtained from diaries and video recordings on Google Meet. The results guided the reflections presented here and led to the conclusion that participation in PIBID was very relevant for teacher training, especially in remote classes.
Ethanol production with low-cost materials: a path for experimentation in chemistry teaching
Over the years, Chemistry Teaching has experienced positive changes, based on the application of new teaching methodologies. Among the various existing ideas, experimentation with easily accessible and low-cost materials appears with the aim of causing an even greater evolution in the quality of teaching and learning in the context of Basic Education. Thus, “quality education” is included in one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are a priority for national and international institutions. Since the reality of some schools makes it impossible to carry out experimental activities as they are traditionally carried out in a Chemistry laboratory, due to the lack of structure, materials and reagents to carry out the experiments, this article presents the possibility of carrying out practical classes , inside or outside the laboratory, with low-cost and easily accessible materials, analyzing their use in the context of the activities of the Chemistry Subproject of the Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarship Program (PIBID/UFAC), carried out at the Senador Adalberto Sena State High School, from October to December 2022, presented in this article in the format of an experience report.
Properties and changes in the physical state of matter: application of a sequence of activities in elementary school
This work aimed to bring an experience report on an application of an Activity Sequence (AS) to explore the theme and changes in the physical state of matter with elementary school students. The activities were developed with a 9th grade class from a State School in the city of Taipu, RN. The SA was structured in the dynamics of the Three Pedagogical Moments (TMP) the stages of initial problematization (Activities of states and collaborative changes of the subject), organization of knowledge (classes, studies and studies of maps) and application of knowledge (preparation of experimental videos and dissemination in social research). The general way about the studied AS is considered relevant to the students' learning process, its characteristics, the practical properties considered relevant to the students' learning process, its characteristics and practical properties for the science learning process. in basic education.
From intentionality to playful responsibility: the role of gamification in science education
Gamification has stood out as an innovative and effective approach in the educational field. From this perspective, this work aims to report the unfolding of the application of a gamified workshop in a high school class of an elective subject, on the creation of didactic games for teaching science in the Municipality of Mossoró-RN. The mechanism adopted is of a qualitative nature, as an evaluation instrument, observational method and application of a questionnaire containing 6 questions, developed in 2 classes in a public school with high school students taking an elective subject, totaling 62 students . The data obtained corroborates the literature, showing positive results when gamification becomes combined with science teaching. Furthermore, the numbers obtained indicate that gamification not only makes teaching enjoyable but also meaningful, at the same time, playful and educational, in addition to critical thinking and practical skills, which enables people to understand and explore the natural world, contributing to a society more informed and engaged with scientific and technological advances, as well as scientific and chemical knowledge.